A systematic review on media bias detection: What is media bias, how it is expressed, and how to detect it

Abstract

Media bias is a pervasive phenomenon that affects the way news is produced and consumed, with significant implications for public opinion and democratic processes. This paper presents a systematic review of the current state of automated media bias detection. We analyze 120+ studies covering how media bias is defined, expressed, and detected. We propose a comprehensive taxonomy of 17 bias types organized across four levels (lexical, sentence, article, and outlet) and survey the datasets, methods, and evaluation approaches used in the field.

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